China's Growing Independence and the New World Order
By Noam Chomsky
In These Times: October 5, 2010
Chinese leaders are unlikely to be impressed by such [U.S. warnings], the
language of an imperial power desperately trying to cling to authority it no
longer has.
Of all the "threats" to world order, the most consistent is democracy,
unless it is under imperial control, and more generally, the assertion of
independence. These fears have guided imperial power throughout history.
In South America, Washington's traditional backyard, the subjects are
increasingly disobedient. Their steps toward independence advanced further
in February with the formation of the Community of Latin American and
Caribbean States, which includes all states in the hemisphere apart from the
U.S. and Canada.
For the first time since the Spanish and Portuguese conquests 500 years ago,
South America is moving toward integration, a prerequisite to independence.
It is also beginning to address the internal scandal of a continent that is
endowed with rich resources but dominated by tiny islands of wealthy elites
in a sea of misery.
Furthermore, South-South relations are developing, with China playing a
leading role, both as a consumer of raw materials and as an investor. Its
influence is growing rapidly and has surpassed the United States' in some
resource-rich countries.
More significant still are changes in Middle Eastern arena. Sixty years ago,
the influential planner A. A. Berle advised that controlling the region's
incomparable energy resources would yield "substantial control of the
world."
Correspondingly, loss of control would threaten the project of global
dominance. By the 1970s, the major producers nationalized their hydrocarbon
reserves, but the West retained substantial influence. In 1979, Iran was
"lost" with the overthrow of the shah's dictatorship, which had been imposed
by a U.S.-U.K. military coup in 1953 to ensure that this prize would remain
in the proper hands.
By now, however, control is slipping away even among the traditional U.S.
clients.
The largest hydrocarbon reserves are in Saudi Arabia, a U.S. dependency ever
since the U.S. displaced Britain there in a mini-war conducted during World
War II. The U.S. remains by far the largest investor in Saudi Arabia and its
major trading partner, and Saudi Arabia helps support the U.S. economy via
investments.
However, more than half of Saudi oil exports now go to Asia, and its plans
for growth face east. The same may be turn out to be true of Iraq, the
country with the second-largest reserves, if it can rebuild from the massive
destruction of the murderous U.S.-U.K. sanctions and the invasion. And U.S.
policies are driving Iran, the third major producer, in the same direction.
China is now the largest importer of Middle Eastern oil and the largest
exporter to the region, replacing the United States. Trade relations are
growing fast, doubling in the past five years.
The implications for world order are significant, as is the quiet rise of
the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which includes much of Asia but has
banned the U.S.-potentially "a new energy cartel involving both producers
and consumers," observes economist Stephen King, author of *Losing Control:
The Emerging Threats to Western Prosperity*.
In Western policy-making circles and among political commentators, 2010 is
called "the year of Iran." The Iranian threat is considered to pose the
greatest danger to world order and to be the primary focus of U.S. foreign
policy, with Europe trailing along politely as usual. It is officially
recognized that the threat is not military: Rather, it is the threat of
independence.
To maintain "stability" the U.S. has imposed harsh sanctions on Iran, but
outside of Europe, few are paying attention. The nonaligned countries-most
of the world-have strongly opposed U.S. policy toward Iran for years.
Nearby Turkey and Pakistan are constructing new pipelines to Iran, and trade
is increasing. Arab public opinion is so enraged by Western policies that a
majority even favor Iran's development of nuclear weapons.
The conflict benefits China. "China's investors and traders are now filling
a vacuum in Iran as businesses from many other nations, especially in
Europe, pull out," Clayton Jones reports in *The Christian Science Monitor*.
In particular, China is expanding its dominant role in Iran's energy
industries.
Washington is reacting with a touch of desperation. In August, the State
Department warned that "If China wants to do business around the world it
will also have to protect its own reputation, and if you acquire a
reputation as a country that is willing to skirt and evade international
responsibilities that will have a long-term impact . their international
responsibilities are clear"-namely, to follow U.S. orders.
Chinese leaders are unlikely to be impressed by such talk, the language of
an imperial power desperately trying to cling to authority it no longer has.
A far greater threat to imperial dominance than Iran is China's refusing to
obey orders-and indeed, as a major and growing power, dismissing them with
contempt.
*This is the second of two columns by Noam Chomsky about China. In These
Times published the first, "China and the New World Order," in September.*
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